Monday, 7 May 2012

Cheetahs which mauled British woman in South Africa had attacked another tourist

A pair of supposedly tame cheetahs which mauled a British woman on her holiday in South Africa had previously attacked another tourist, it has been claimed. 

 

Housewife Violet D'Mello, 60, from Aberdeen, was rushed to hospital last month after the two big cats leaped on her in a petting enclosure at a private game park.
Owners of the Kragga Kamma wildlife reserve claimed the male cheetahs Mark and Monty were tame and had never attacked humans before.
However an American tourist has since told a South African newspaper she was also injured when the pair lunged at her during a holiday three years ago.
Michelle Bodenheimer, from Portland, Oregon, told the Times people should not be allowed in the enclosure with the cheetahs.
She said: "I am heartbroken to see that Kragga Kamma did not learn from my unfortunate experience.

Sunday, 6 May 2012

LATSEST NEWS {Missile Defense shield}



India has developed a missile defence shield, which can be put in place at short notice to protect at least two cities, bringing the country on a par with an elite group of nations. The shield, developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), has been tested successfully and an incoming ballistic missile with the range of up to 2,000 km can be destroyed. The system is to be upgraded to the range of 5,000 km by 2016. “The ballistic missile defence (BMD) shield is now mature...We are ready to put phase one in place and it can be put in very short time,” DRDO chief V.K. Saraswat told PTI here in an interview. 
The system required for phase-II of the project is being developed, he said, adding that for this purpose, ships are being built from where the target missiles would be launched. 
                   The DRDO chief said the phase two of the project is expected to be completed by 2016. Talking about the advancement of the system, Saraswat said the missile defence shield has been "automated" to an extent where human intervention would be required only if the mission has to be aborted.
The DRDO chief said the Indian missile defence system is comparable with the US Patriot 3 system, which was successfully used during the 1990 Gulf War against Iraq. 
As part of its efforts to protect itself from enemy missiles, India is developing this two-tier BMD which can intercept enemy missiles at altitudes of 80 km and 150 km.The DRDO is thinking of intercepting the missiles at higher altitudes as it would give it more response time in case the first attempt is a miss and the second layer of the system can be put into action. 

 Missile Defense System

Missile defense is a system, weapon, or technology involved in the detection, tracking, interception and destruction of attacking missiles. Originally conceived as a defence against nuclear-armed Intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), its application has broadened to include shorter-ranged non-nuclear tactical and theater missiles.
The interception technology used has varied over time. In the 1960s, missile defense against ICBMs emphasized nuclear warheads. In recent decades non-nuclear kinetic warheads have been used. Directed-energy weapons such as lasers have been investigated and deployed on a limited basis.
The United States, United Kingdom, Russia, France, India, China and Israel have all developed such air defense systems. In the United States, missile defense was originally the responsibility of the Army. The U.S. Missile Defense Agency has developed maritime systems and command and control that will eventually be transferred to the Navy and Air force for operation and sustainment.

Saturday, 5 May 2012

Weapons of Air India {Agni-I}


Type             Medium Range Ballistic Missile
Place of origin     India India

Service history
In service         (Tests by DRDO) 25 January 2002,[1] (Tests by SSC) 28 Mar 2010[2][3]
Used by         Indian Army

Production history
Manufacturer         Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL)
Unit cost         INR 250-350 million (INR) or $ 5.6-7.9 million (USD)[4]

Specifications
Weight             12,000 kg[5][3][6]
Length             15 m[5][3][6]
Diameter         1.0 m[5][6]
Warhead         Strategic nuclear (15 KT to 250 KT), conventional HE-unitary, penetration, sub-munitions, incendiary or fuel air explosives
Engine             Single Stage

Operational
range             700-900 km [5][3]
Flight ceiling         370 km[6]
Flight altitude     > 90 km
Speed             2.5 km/s (Agni-I)[5]

Guidance
system             Ring Laser Gyro- INS (Inertial Navigation System), optionally augmented by GPS terminal guidance with possible radar scene correlation

Launch
platform         8 x 8 Tatra TELAR (Transporter erector launcher) Rail Mobile Launcher

The Agni missile (Sanskrit: अग्नि, Agnī "Fire") is a family of Short to Intermediate range ballistic missiles developed by India under the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program.On 28 Mar 2010,the trial was conducted with a special Strategic Forces Command (SFC) of nuclear-capable Agni-I ballistic missile, with a range of 700kilometers from the Wheelers Island off Orissa coast thus making Agni-I missile operational by army.Since then the SFC of the Indian Army has conducted several user trials of Agni-I missile to test its readiness to launch ballistic missiles that carry nuclear warheads. The recent user trials involved the test firing of upgraded version of Agni-I with better re-entry technology, manoeuvrability and range extension of up to 700–900 km.

History and Development

Agni-I was first tested at the Interim Test Range in Chandipur in 1989, and is capable of carrying a conventional payload of 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) or a nuclear warhead. Agni missiles consist of one (short range) or two stages (intermediate range). These are rail and road mobile and powered by solid propellants.
The Agni I has a range of 700–900 km while the Agni-II as a range of 2,000–3,000 km. They are claimed to be a part of the "Minimum Credible deterrence".
Agni-I is a single stage, solid fuel, road and rail mobile, medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM). The need for the Agni-I was felt after the Kargil war with Pakistan. It took DRDO 18 months to develop the Agni-I after having completed Agni-II development. It is propelled by solid fuel. Maneuvering RV body-lift aerodynamics give it the ability to correct trajectory errors and reduce thermal stresses. The MRV has a velocity correction package to correct launch trajectory variances. Some Agni RV versions use a set of solid fueled thruster cartridges of predetermined impulse, allowing the onboard guidance controller to trim velocity, using discrete combination of impulse quanta along the desired spatial orientation. The 15 metre tall Agni-1 missile, weighing about 12 tonnes, is capable of carrying both conventional as well as nuclear warheads of 1,000 kg.

Weapons of Air India {Prithvi}

The Prithvi (Sanskrit: "Earth") I is mobile liquid-fueled 150 kilometer tactical missile currently deployed with army units. It is claimed that this missile is equipped only with various conventional warheads (which stay attached to the missile over the entire flight path). The missile is of particular interest to the United States (and potential buyers) in that has the capability of maneuvering in flight so as to follow one of several different pre-programmed trajectories. Based on the same design, a modified Prithvi, the Prithvi II, is essentially a longer-ranged version of the Prithvi I except that it has a 250-kilometer range and a lighter payload. It is suspected that any nuclear missions will be executed by the Prithvi II. Currently, the Prithvi II has completed development and is now in production. When fielded, it will be deployed with air force units for the purpose of deep target attacking maneuvers against objectives such as air fields.
  • Prithvi I — Army Version (150 km range with a payload of 1,000 kg)
  • Prithvi II — Air Force Version (250 km range with a payload of 500 kg)
  • Prithvi III — Naval Version (350 km range with a payload of 500 kg)
The Prithvi missile project encompassed developing 3 variants for use by the Indian Army, Indian Air Force and the Indian Navy. The initial project framework of the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program outlines the variants in the following manner. in October 2009 India conducted 2 simultenous user trials of 350 km extended range Prithvi II to be used for strategic purposes.

Indian State Carrier Fined $80,000 by American Authorities


The U.S. Department of Transportation has fined the state-run Indian carrier, Air India, $80,000 for noncompliance with regulations. The airline failed to post “customer service and tarmac delay contingency plans on its website” and “adequately inform passengers about its optional fees” by the required date, a news release issued by the department said.
The department introduced new airline consumer rules that took effect last August for all foreign carriers flying to the United States with at least one aircraft of 30 or more seats. This is the first penalty assessed for a violation of the new rules, the news release said.
“Our new airline consumer rules help ensure that passengers are fully informed about airline services and fees and what to expect if their flight is delayed on the tarmac,” Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood said on Thursday. “We will continue to monitor carriers to make sure they comply with our rules and take enforcement action when they do not.”
The rules were issued by the Department of Transportation on April 25, 2011, and were applicable begining Aug. 23, 2011.
The news release also noted that U.S. carriers and foreign carriers with a Web site that sells tickets to American consumers “have been required to include on their homepage a prominent hyperlink that takes viewers directly to a page that shows all fees for optional services the carrier charges, including baggage fees.”
A consent order issued by the department says that in “mitigation,” Air India stated that “while it had uploaded its tarmac delay and customer service plans to its website, they apparently did not properly appear due to a technical problem that had to be repaired.”
The airline also told the department that “fixing the website was delayed by the unfortunate and unexpected death of the employee responsible for making the changes.”
An Air India spokesman, K. Swaminathan, said the levying of the fine was an old issue. A penalty of more than $80,000 for noncompliance with rules was levied on Air India last year after the rules came into effect, he said, adding, “We are now complying with the new rules.”
He noted that the fine of $80,000 was a reduced penalty imposed by the U.S. Transportation Department after it conducted a review of Air India, which had claimed that it was honoring the new rules.
The Enforcement Office and Air India “have reached a settlement of this matter in order to avoid litigation,” the consent order says. It also mentions that “without admitting or denying the violations,” the carrier consents to the “issuance of this order to cease and desist from future violations” of these rules.
Of the $80,000 penalty, $40,000 is due and payable within 30 days of the issuance of the order. “The remaining $40,000 shall be due and payable immediately if Air India, Limited, violates this order’s cease and desist or payment provisions within one year of the issuance of this order.”
The order states that it will become a “final order of the Department 10 days after its service date unless a timely petition for review is filed or the Department takes review on its own motion.”
“We have not decided whether to appeal further” or whether to take any additional steps, Mr. Swaminathan said.

http://news.google.com/news/url?sa=t&fd=...thorities/

Wednesday, 2 May 2012

Security engineering

Security engineering is the field of engineering dealing with the security and integrity of real-world systems.

It is similar to systems engineering in that its motivation is to make a system meet requirements, but with the added dimension of enforcing a security policy.
It has existed as an informal field for centuries, in the fields of locksmithing and security printing. Technological advances, principally in the field of computers, have now allowed the creation of far more complex systems, with new and complex security problems.
Because modern systems cut across many areas of human endeavor, security engineers not only need consider the mathematical and physical properties of systems; they also need to consider attacks on the people who use and form parts of those systems using social engineering attacks.
Secure systems have to resist not only technical attacks, but also coercion, fraud, and deception by confidence tricksters. For this reason it involves aspects of social science, psychology and economics, as well as physics, chemistry and mathematics.
Some of the techniques used, such as fault tree analysis, are derived from safety engineering.

Translate